尖峰神经网络（SNN）引起了脑启发的人工智能和计算神经科学的广泛关注。它们可用于在多个尺度上模拟大脑中的生物信息处理。更重要的是，SNN是适当的抽象水平，可以将大脑和认知的灵感带入人工智能。在本文中，我们介绍了脑启发的认知智力引擎（Braincog），用于创建脑启发的AI和脑模拟模型。 Braincog将不同类型的尖峰神经元模型，学习规则，大脑区域等作为平台提供的重要模块。基于这些易于使用的模块，BrainCog支持各种受脑启发的认知功能，包括感知和学习，决策，知识表示和推理，运动控制和社会认知。这些受脑启发的AI模型已在各种受监督，无监督和强化学习任务上有效验证，并且可以用来使AI模型具有多种受脑启发的认知功能。为了进行大脑模拟，Braincog实现了决策，工作记忆，神经回路的结构模拟以及小鼠大脑，猕猴大脑和人脑的整个大脑结构模拟的功能模拟。一个名为BORN的AI引擎是基于Braincog开发的，它演示了如何将Braincog的组件集成并用于构建AI模型和应用。为了使科学追求解码生物智能的性质并创建AI，Braincog旨在提供必要且易于使用的构件，并提供基础设施支持，以开发基于脑部的尖峰神经网络AI，并模拟认知大脑在多个尺度上。可以在https://github.com/braincog-x上找到Braincog的在线存储库。

反向传播算法促进了深度学习的快速发展，但它依赖大量标记的数据，并且人类学习的方式仍然存在很大的差距。人的大脑可以以自组织和无监督的方式迅速学习各种概念知识，这是通过人类大脑中多个学习规则和结构的协调来实现的。依赖峰值的依赖性可塑性（STDP）是大脑中广泛的学习规则，但是单独使用STDP训练的尖峰神经网络效率低下且性能差。在本文中，从短期突触可塑性中汲取灵感，我们设计了一种自适应突触过滤器，并将自适应阈值平衡作为神经元可塑性介绍，以丰富SNN的表示能力。我们还引入了自适应的横向抑制连接，以动态调整尖峰平衡，以帮助网络学习更丰富的功能。为了加速和稳定无监督的尖峰神经网络的训练，我们设计了一个样本的时间批次STDP，该STDP根据多个样本和多个矩来更新重量。我们已经进行了有关MNIST和FashionMnist的实验，并实现了基于STDP的当前无监督的尖峰神经网络的最先进性能。我们的模型在小样本学习中还显示出强烈的优势。

少量学习（使用少数样品学习）是人类大脑最重要的能力之一。然而，目前的人工智能系统遇到难以实现这种能力，因此作为生物合理的尖峰神经网络（SNNS）。传统少量拍摄域的数据集提供了少量的时间信息。并且没有神经形态数据集阻碍了SNNS的几次射击学习的发展。在这里，我们使用动态视觉传感器（DVS）提供第一神经形态数据集：N-Omniglot。它包含1623个类别的手写字符，只有20个样本每课。 N-Omniglot消除了对SNNS的神经形态数据集具有高的粉性和巨大的时间相干性。此外，DataSet由于笔划的时间顺序提供了强大的挑战和用于在几次拍摄学习域中开发SNNS算法的合适基准。我们还提供了改进的最近邻居，卷积网络，暹罗比特和Meta学习算法，用于验证。

由于其强大的时空信息表示能力，尖峰神经网络（SNN）引起了很多关注。胶囊神经网络（CAPSNET）在不同级别的组装和耦合功能方面做得好。在这里，我们通过将胶囊引入尖刺神经网络的建模来提出尖峰帽。此外，我们提出了更具生物合理的尖峰定时依赖性可塑性路线机构。通过充分考虑低水平尖峰胶囊与高级尖峰胶囊之间的时空关系，它们之间的耦合能力进一步提高。我们在Mnist和FashionMnist数据集上进行了验证的实验。与其他优秀的SNN模型相比，我们的算法仍然实现了高性能。我们的尖峰帽完全结合了SNN和Capsnet的增强，并对噪声和仿射变换表现出强大的稳健性。通过向测试数据集添加不同的盐胡椒和高斯噪声，实验结果表明，当有更多的噪音时，我们的尖峰帽显示出更强大的性能，而人工神经网络无法正确澄清。同样，我们的尖峰帽显示出强烈的概括，可以在漂式数据集上仿射转换。

Compressed videos often exhibit visually annoying artifacts, known as Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which dramatically degrade video visual quality. Subjective and objective measures capable of identifying and quantifying various types of PEAs are critical in improving visual quality. In this paper, we investigate the influence of four spatial PEAs (i.e. blurring, blocking, bleeding, and ringing) and two temporal PEAs (i.e. flickering and floating) on video quality. For spatial artifacts, we propose a visual saliency model with a low computational cost and higher consistency with human visual perception. In terms of temporal artifacts, self-attention based TimeSFormer is improved to detect temporal artifacts. Based on the six types of PEAs, a quality metric called Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifacts Measurement (SSTAM) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art metrics. We believe that SSTAM will be beneficial for optimizing video coding techniques.

As one of the most important psychic stress reactions, micro-expressions (MEs), are spontaneous and transient facial expressions that can reveal the genuine emotions of human beings. Thus, recognizing MEs (MER) automatically is becoming increasingly crucial in the field of affective computing, and provides essential technical support in lie detection, psychological analysis and other areas. However, the lack of abundant ME data seriously restricts the development of cutting-edge data-driven MER models. Despite the recent efforts of several spontaneous ME datasets to alleviate this problem, it is still a tiny amount of work. To solve the problem of ME data hunger, we construct a dynamic spontaneous ME dataset with the largest current ME data scale, called DFME (Dynamic Facial Micro-expressions), which includes 7,526 well-labeled ME videos induced by 671 participants and annotated by more than 20 annotators throughout three years. Afterwards, we adopt four classical spatiotemporal feature learning models on DFME to perform MER experiments to objectively verify the validity of DFME dataset. In addition, we explore different solutions to the class imbalance and key-frame sequence sampling problems in dynamic MER respectively on DFME, so as to provide a valuable reference for future research. The comprehensive experimental results show that our DFME dataset can facilitate the research of automatic MER, and provide a new benchmark for MER. DFME will be published via https://mea-lab-421.github.io.

Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is essential to secure face recognition systems from various physical attacks. However, recent research generally focuses on short-distance applications (i.e., phone unlocking) while lacking consideration of long-distance scenes (i.e., surveillance security checks). In order to promote relevant research and fill this gap in the community, we collect a large-scale Surveillance High-Fidelity Mask (SuHiFiMask) dataset captured under 40 surveillance scenes, which has 101 subjects from different age groups with 232 3D attacks (high-fidelity masks), 200 2D attacks (posters, portraits, and screens), and 2 adversarial attacks. In this scene, low image resolution and noise interference are new challenges faced in surveillance FAS. Together with the SuHiFiMask dataset, we propose a Contrastive Quality-Invariance Learning (CQIL) network to alleviate the performance degradation caused by image quality from three aspects: (1) An Image Quality Variable module (IQV) is introduced to recover image information associated with discrimination by combining the super-resolution network. (2) Using generated sample pairs to simulate quality variance distributions to help contrastive learning strategies obtain robust feature representation under quality variation. (3) A Separate Quality Network (SQN) is designed to learn discriminative features independent of image quality. Finally, a large number of experiments verify the quality of the SuHiFiMask dataset and the superiority of the proposed CQIL.

Interview has been regarded as one of the most crucial step for recruitment. To fully prepare for the interview with the recruiters, job seekers usually practice with mock interviews between each other. However, such a mock interview with peers is generally far away from the real interview experience: the mock interviewers are not guaranteed to be professional and are not likely to behave like a real interviewer. Due to the rapid growth of online recruitment in recent years, recruiters tend to have online interviews, which makes it possible to collect real interview data from real interviewers. In this paper, we propose a novel application named EZInterviewer, which aims to learn from the online interview data and provides mock interview services to the job seekers. The task is challenging in two ways: (1) the interview data are now available but still of low-resource; (2) to generate meaningful and relevant interview dialogs requires thorough understanding of both resumes and job descriptions. To address the low-resource challenge, EZInterviewer is trained on a very small set of interview dialogs. The key idea is to reduce the number of parameters that rely on interview dialogs by disentangling the knowledge selector and dialog generator so that most parameters can be trained with ungrounded dialogs as well as the resume data that are not low-resource. Evaluation results on a real-world job interview dialog dataset indicate that we achieve promising results to generate mock interviews. With the help of EZInterviewer, we hope to make mock interview practice become easier for job seekers.

Nowadays, time-stamped web documents related to a general news query floods spread throughout the Internet, and timeline summarization targets concisely summarizing the evolution trajectory of events along the timeline. Unlike traditional document summarization, timeline summarization needs to model the time series information of the input events and summarize important events in chronological order. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a Unified Timeline Summarizer (UTS) that can generate abstractive and extractive timeline summaries in time order. Concretely, in the encoder part, we propose a graph-based event encoder that relates multiple events according to their content dependency and learns a global representation of each event. In the decoder part, to ensure the chronological order of the abstractive summary, we propose to extract the feature of event-level attention in its generation process with sequential information remained and use it to simulate the evolutionary attention of the ground truth summary. The event-level attention can also be used to assist in extracting summary, where the extracted summary also comes in time sequence. We augment the previous Chinese large-scale timeline summarization dataset and collect a new English timeline dataset. Extensive experiments conducted on these datasets and on the out-of-domain Timeline 17 dataset show that UTS achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both automatic and human evaluations.

For Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, many models have been established to characterize their degradation process. The existing empirical or physical models can reveal important information regarding the degradation dynamics. However, there is no general and flexible methods to fuse the information represented by those models. Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is an efficient tool to fuse empirical or physical dynamic models with data-driven models. To take full advantage of various information sources, we propose a model fusion scheme based on PINN. It is implemented by developing a semi-empirical semi-physical Partial Differential Equation (PDE) to model the degradation dynamics of Li-ion-batteries. When there is little prior knowledge about the dynamics, we leverage the data-driven Deep Hidden Physics Model (DeepHPM) to discover the underlying governing dynamic models. The uncovered dynamics information is then fused with that mined by the surrogate neural network in the PINN framework. Moreover, an uncertainty-based adaptive weighting method is employed to balance the multiple learning tasks when training the PINN. The proposed methods are verified on a public dataset of Li-ion Phosphate (LFP)/graphite batteries.